Theodore Roosevelt reached the presidency by a  quirk of fate, but left it changed forever.  Politicians in his native New York State helped him land the vice-president spot under William McKinley, partly to get rid of him and his enthusiasm for the political and social reforms of the Progressive movement. 
   When McKinley was assassinated in 1901, however, TR rose to the highest office in the land.  He became known as the "trustbuster" for leading the attack on big businesses that abused their power by forming monopolies or near-monopolies.  During a coal miners strike, he also became the first president to intervene in a labor dispute on the side of workers.
   Roosevelt, a Republican, was reelected in 1904 but did not run again in 1908.  In 1912 he did run, this time on the Progressive Party ticket because he was unable to win the Republican nomination.  The party's platform, condensed in the workbook, gives a good sense of the issues that concerned Roosevelt and other Progressives in the early 1900s.

Theodore Roosevelt, the reform minded president who served in the early years of the 20th century.  The Panama Canal was one of the great accomplishments of his administration.

   The Progressive Party argued that the American system of government was being manipulated or controlled by a combination of corrupt politicians and corrupt business leaders.  The party platform declares that behind the visible government is an "invisible government" that has little or nothing to do with democratic principles.

   Restoring good government, the Progressive Party says, would require getting more power in the hands of ordinary citizens.  The party wanted direct election of U.S. Senators, who up to that time were selected by state legislatures.  Progressives also wanted equal voting rights for women, and a limit on campaign contributions. 

  The party platform declares support for many reforms aimed specifically at workers.  The list includes laws to prevent factory accidents, occupational diseases, excessive work hours, and unemployment. 
   The platform calls for an end to child labor, and the creation of a minimum wage law for women.  Also, a law limiting the work day to eight hours in certain industries, such as steel making, than ran shifts around the clock.
   There is a call for a system of social insurance, which today is called the Social Security system.  The party also declares its support for labor unions as the best means of protecting workers and their interests.