This letter will give students a better sense of the prospects that immigrants faced in the decades before the Civil War.  It is especially vivid because of the details it includes about pay and expenses. 
   The author is a Norwegian immigrant who no doubt was already accustomed to hard work on a farm.  He describes life in "the Great West" of America.  Remind students that he is referring to the area that today is called the Midwest - states like Michigan, Indiana, and Wisconsin. 
   Certainly many immigrants did not have the good fortune that this Norwegian experienced.  But many did share the same success he had in creating a better life for himself.  Letters like this one sent back to "the old country" had a big impact, and encouraged many others to leave for America.

The picture shows an immigrant arriving on a sailing ship.  Remember that an immigrant to America is emigrating from some other country.

   This Norwegian immigrant writes that the path to success in America is pretty straight-forward:  get to work, save, and get established on your own two feet.
   The author suggests that the best opportunities are in the areas of "the Great West."  Land in that area, now called the Midwest, was cheap, and labor was needed as forested areas were cleared and turned into farms.
   He states that two years of working and saving will give an immigrant enough money to buy forty acres of land and begin his own farm.  Women, he says, can also find work easily.

   The opportunities offered by America clearly impressed this immigrant.  He mentions that a young man living in Norway probably would not have a similar chance to improve his situation.
   Equally impressive, the letter says, is the American system of government and the widespread attitude of equality.  Taxes, he points out, are low.  A person's hard work, therefore, was not taxed away to support an aristocratic ruling class such as that found in much of Europe at the time.  He also notes, with obvious appreciation, that government officials were polite, not haughty or snooty toward ordinary people. 
   It is difficult for Americans today, perhaps, to fully appreciate the great social and political revolution that this immigrant is commenting upon.  But to most people arriving in America from Europe in the 19th century, the change was remarkable and exhilarating.